Ciudadanías. Revista de Políticas Sociales Urbanas

INFANCIAS, ADOLESCENCIAS E INFRAESTRUCTURA DEL CUIDADO EN AMÉRICA LATINA

Roxana Mazzola — 2025-06-30

El dossier representa una oportunidad para visibilizar experiencias innovadoras, problematizar enfoques tradicionales y proponer nuevas miradas sobre cómo América Latina puede construir sistemas de cuidado con inversiones en obras públicas que combatan efectivamente las desigualdades estructurales. En un contexto regional marcado por múltiples crisis, este esfuerzo colectivo busca posicionar a la infraestructura del cuidado y a la obra pública como pilar fundamental del desarrollo.

INFRAESTRUCTURA DEL CUIDADO Y LA DISTRIBUCIÓN INSTITUCIONAL: LOS CDI ARGENTINOS Y APRENDIZAJES PARA AMÉRICA LATINA

Roxana Mazzola — 2025-06-30

The article presents an innovative analytical framework and empirical evidence to rethink early childhood policies in the region, highlighting the transformative potential of care infrastructure when designed with a rights-based approach and territorial perspective. It examines the CDI program through the lens of "institutional distribution" (Mazzola, 2024), combining critical theory with an ex-post evaluation that included participatory workshops with children.

The theoretical framework of "institutional distribution" integrates critical perspectives from childhood sociology, Tilly's (2000) theory of categorical inequality, and institutionalism, revealing how public policies produce and reproduce childhood inequalities. Findings demonstrate that these centers not only enhance child development but also redistribute care work (predominantly performed by women) and strengthen community networks.

Persistent challenges include institutional fragmentation, adult-centric designs, and territorial disparities. The study provides both empirical and conceptual evidence to reconceptualize childhood policies in Latin America, positioning CDIs as strategic hubs for building more egalitarian development models with active child participation.

LOS ESPACIOS DE EDUCACIÓN Y CUIDADO PARA LA PRIMERA INFANCIA EN ARGENTINA

Andrea Makon — 2025-06-30

This document analyzes the coverage of early childhood education and care in Argentina, using recent data from the 2022 National Population Census. The findings reveal higher attendance than previously estimated in the 45 days to three years age group, indicating a broader and more heterogeneous range of services than previous administrative records and surveys suggested. This new information highlights the need for more rigorous and up-to-date data on the existing supply, actual attendance, and unmet demand. The document explores the institutional framework, attendance by age and jurisdiction, reasons for non-attendance, and the relationship between income and access. Finally, it analyzes public investment and raises challenges for policies that promote equal access at this fundamental stage, including the need to reactivate public investment in infrastructure for early childhood services.

CUIDAR PARA CRECER

María von Zeschau — 2025-07-27

El artículo analiza el rol del Ministerio de Obras Públicas (MOP) en la implementación de la infraestructura del cuidado, su articulación con otros ministerios y la transversalización de la perspectiva de género en la obra pública. Se emplea un enfoque cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a personal técnico y político involucrado en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de estas políticas públicas. La infraestructura del cuidado desempeña un papel clave en la reorganización de los cuidados y la promoción de la corresponsabilidad social. La creación de espacios con altos estándares de calidad que garanticen el derecho a cuidar y ser cuidado, además de ampliar la cobertura para infancias, juventudes, adultos mayores y personas con discapacidad, contribuye a la desfamiliarización de los cuidados.

HACIA LA CORRESPONSABILIDAD EN EL CUIDADO DE LAS INFANCIAS: AVANCES Y DESAFÍOS EN EL SISTEMA DE SEGURIDAD SOCIAL ARGENTINO

Andrea Solis — 2025-07-27

The care agenda is crucial for the integral development of children in Argentina. The social security system, with the Asignación Universal por Hijo (AUH) as a fundamental pillar, has made progress in the inclusion of the most vulnerable families. However, serious challenges remain regarding exclusion and the need for greater social co-responsibility in care. The evolution of the system is examined, from an initial model centered on the "male breadwinner" to the gradual incorporation of a rights perspective and the care agenda. The universalization of coverage, the elimination of barriers to access, and inter-institutional coordination are key to guaranteeing the right to care for all children. Investing in this agenda is not only a matter of justice but also a strategic investment in the country's future.

¿QUÉ COSA ES EL CUIDADO INFANTIL?

Paula Colonna — 2025-07-27

This work arises from the systematization of original materials (field records and documents) produced and collected between August 2019 and December 2022, as part of my Master's degree in Early Childhood Education (FFyL - UBA). Through these materials, I will describe a unique experience in public policy design for early childhood that the Municipality of San Martín has been undergoing, based on a specific programmatic area in charge of a municipal "Child Care" service within the "Secretariat of Women, Gender, and Childhood." This initiative, which sought to shape/design a specific policy, was the focus of my participant observation work.

Keywords: care, child care, performance, symbolic action, pedagogy of care

EL DESCENSO DE LA FECUNDIDAD Y EL AVANCE DE LOS DERECHOS SEXUALES Y (NO) REPRODUCTIVOS EN ARGENTINA (2002-2022)

Manuela Burgos — 2025-07-27

In Argentina, the enactment of Law 25.673 in 2002 marked a milestone in the recognition of sexual and (non-)reproductive rights. Since then, the legal framework has expanded within a context marked by tensions between the State, the Catholic Church, and the women's social movement. Through a mixed-methods approach that combined documentary analysis with the calculation of fertility indicators, fertility levels were found to remain stable until 2014, followed by a steady decline, reaching below-replacement levels in 2018. This decline was strongly associated with a significant reduction in adolescent fertility. These changes took place in a context of progress, advocacy, and the expansion of rights, where public policies implemented by the State had a significant sociodemographic impact.

EL CUIDADO COMO IDEA POLÍTICA

Martin Ierullo — 2025-08-08

This article presents a review of the book Nuevos derechos: infraestructura del cuidado en la Argentina y América Latina, edited by Roxana Mazzola. This collective volume examines care infrastructure as a strategic component of public policy. It expands the traditional concept of infrastructure beyond its merely material dimension, instead framing it as a set of devices, processes, and resources designed to ensure access to care under conditions of social justice. The authors underscore the necessity of an active state role aimed at reducing persistent inequalities embedded in the social organization of care.

CONTEXTOS DE INFANCIAS, VIOLENCIAS Y EL ROL DEL ESTADO: LA SERPIENTE DE LA VIOLENCIA

Melina Berta Goldstein — 2025-07-27

El presente artículo busca dar cuenta del proceso por el que se asiste desde la conformación del Consejo de niños y niñas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los momentos de escucha, sus emergentes y como luego esta experiencia trasciende hacia la política pública.

Si bien este proceso lleva años de implementación a través del proyecto La Ciudad de las niñas y los niños de Francesco Tonucci, me interesa detenerme en el desarrollo de creación colectiva del dispositivo “La serpiente de la violencia”, producto de la posibilidad de transformar un juego en una herramienta de garantía de derechos.

Este dispositivo no podría haber surgido sin el Consejo de niños y niñas, espacio de promoción de la escucha activa de la niñez a través de los Promotores de Participación Infantil (en adelante, PPIs) quienes se encuentran con niños/as entre 8 y 10 años, a lo largo de dos años, con una regularidad semanal.